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Nonlinear narrative, disjointed narrative or disrupted narrative is a narrative technique, sometimes used in literature, film, hypertext websites and other narratives, where events are portrayed, for example out of chronological order, or in other ways where the narrative does not follow the direct causality pattern of the events featured, such as parallel distinctive plot lines, dream immersions or narrating another story inside the main plot-line. It is often used to mimic the structure and recall of human memory, but has been applied for other reasons as well. == Literature == Beginning a narrative ''in medias res'' (Latin: "into the middle of things") began in ancient times and was established as a convention of epic poetry with Homer's ''Iliad'' in the 8th century BC. The technique of narrating most of the story in flashback also dates back to the Indian epic, the ''Mahabharata'', around the 5th century BC. Several medieval ''Arabian Nights'' tales such as "Sinbad the Sailor", "The City of Brass" and "The Three Apples" also had nonlinear narratives employing the ''in medias res'' and flashback techniques, inspired by Indian tales like Panchatantra. From the late 19th century and early 20th century, modernist novelists Joseph Conrad, Virginia Woolf, Ford Madox Ford, Marcel Proust, and William Faulkner experimented with narrative chronology and abandoning linear order.〔Heise, Ursula K. (1997). ''Chronoschisms: Time, Narrative, and Postmodernism''. Cambridge University Press. p. 77 ISBN 0-521-55544-2〕 Examples of nonlinear novels are: Luís Vaz de Camões's '' The Lusiads'', Laurence Sterne's ''The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman'' (1759–67), Thomas Carlyle's ''Sartor Resartus'' (ca. 1833), Emily Brontë's ''Wuthering Heights'' (1847), James Joyce's ''Ulysses'' (1922) and ''Finnegans Wake'' (1939), Sadeq Hedayat's ''The Blind Owl'' (1937), William S. Burroughs' ''Naked Lunch'' (1959), Joseph Heller's ''Catch-22'' (1961), Muriel Spark's ''The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie'' (1961), Kurt Vonnegut's ''Slaughterhouse-Five'' (1969), Milorad Pavić's ''Dictionary of the Khazars'' (1988), Irvine Welsh's ''Trainspotting'' (1993), Carole Maso's ''Ava: a novel'' (1993) and Tim O'Brien's ''Going After Cacciato'' (1979). Several of Michael Moorcock's novels, particularly those in the Jerry Cornelius series, in particular The English Assassin: A Romance of Entropy (1972) and The Condition of Muzak (1977) are notable for extending the nonlinear narrative form in order to explore the complex nature of identity within a multiversal universe. Scott McCloud argues in ''Understanding Comics'' that the narration of comics is nonlinear because it relies on the reader's choices and interactions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nonlinear narrative」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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